Overview
Key figures and core demographic trends for Australia.
Population
27.6M
Fertility Rate
1.48
Life Expectancy
83.1y
GDP / capita
$65.1K
Pop. Growth
1.53%
Net Migration
137.1K
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Provisional fertility nowcast
Source: National Statistical Offices or Ministries of Health / Interior · compiled by @BirthGauge. Full nowcast table · provisional, may be revised.
TFR 2024
1.48
TFR 2025
1.50
Rates per 1,000 people per year — not absolute birth or death counts. When the birth rate exceeds the death rate, natural increase is positive (before migration).
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Economy
National accounts and international trade.
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Exports & imports
International trade for Australia — product exports and imports from OEC / BACI.
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Migration
Net migration, permits, and the foreign-born population of Australia, plus where migrants come from and where the diaspora lives.
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OECD definition: unemployed share of the labour force among native-born vs foreign-born residents aged 15–64. National offices (e.g. Statistics Sweden) may publish slightly different figures for other age bands or months — we show the internationally comparable OECD series. Latest: native-born 4.2%, foreign-born 4.0% (2024).
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Largest foreign-born communities in Australia by country of birth (2024) · arrow shows change since 2010.
Source: UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024
Top destinations for people born in Australia who now live abroad (2024) · arrow shows change since 2010.
Source: UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024
Demography
Age structure, projections, and population composition.
That is 7% larger than in 2025. The animation freezes the latest fertility rate. It is a model, not an official forecast. UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium is 43 million in 2100 — higher than this run (low 33 million, high 56 million). UN lets fertility change over the century and includes some migration; this run does not.
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Mortality & longevity
Life expectancy, death rates and child mortality as far back as vital registration and historical reconstructions allow (from 1960), plus infant and maternal mortality.
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Pre-1960 life expectancy and long child-mortality series are from Our World in Data (Riley, Zijdeman et al., HMD, UN). Historic crude death rates cover countries in the Human Mortality Database only — Sweden from 1751, France from 1816, and so on. Crude rates are not age-standardized.
Health, education & infrastructure
Spending, capacity and attainment. Coverage is thinner than for demographic series — most figures come from periodic surveys rather than continuous registration.
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Society, housing & beliefs
Family, crime, housing and religion indicators.
Homicide rate
0.9
Divorce rate
2.2
Births outside marriage
36.0%
Home ownership
66.0%
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- Christian52.0%
- Unaffiliated39.0%
- Muslim3.2%
- Hindu2.7%
- Buddhist2.4%
- Other0.5%
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14per 1,000
2019
Only one year available — not enough points for a trend line.
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Crime by ancestry, origin & race
Official statistics where published · definitions differ by country.
See the full availability guide →
Australia: only limited comparable crime-by-ancestry statistics. Some state-level or one-off reports; no national ABS convictions-by-ancestry open series like Denmark.
Related sourceWhy this country’s demographics matter
Age structure, fertility gaps, and migration change budgets and electorates. This is the constraint, not a manifesto.
Australia combines below-replacement fertility with migration-led growth; ABS is the source for births and overseas-born shares.
- Period TFR below replacement; net overseas migration drives headcount.
- State maps (NSW/Vic vs. smaller states) show where births and overseas-born residents concentrate.
The longer argument — pensions, schools, coalitions, and what migration does and does not offset — is on why birthrates matter. The case for a pronatal culture as the response is on what's the solution?. To turn this country’s series into a memo you can forward, open the briefing builder — generate a draft, write it yourself, then expand any paragraph.