Official convictions, offences, arrests and prisoners broken down by ancestry, immigrant background, citizenship, or race — only where statistical offices publish them. Clear notes when they don’t.
National statistical offices differ sharply. Denmark publishes convicted persons by ancestry (Danish origin / immigrants / descendants). Many others publish only citizenship of suspects or prisoners, or nothing at all. We never invent figures. Definitions are not internationally harmonised: Denmark’s “ancestry” is not the same as U.S. race categories, Norway’s citizenship of charged persons, Sweden’s Brå background groups, or Eurostat’s foreign-citizen prisoners. Always read the source note on each chart.
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Absolute counts · Danish origin / immigrants / descendants (DST STRAFNA9)
Persons guilty in crimes (residents), by ancestry. Men+women, age total. Absolute counts — not rates or risk ratios. Denmark profile
Source: Statistics Denmark
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Absolute counts · Norwegian vs foreign citizens (SSB 09421)
Persons charged (all offence groups), by citizenship. Absolute counts. Foreign citizens = all countries − Norway. Immigrant-background tables (including Norwegian-born to immigrant parents) appear only in periodic SSB Excel releases, not this annual StatBank series. Norway profile
Source: Statistics Norway
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Brå research study (not an annual StatBank series) · 2007 vs 2018
Share of registered offences linked to suspected offenders by native/non-native background (Swedish residents + non-residents). BRÅ research study covering 2007–2018 — not an annual StatBank series. Sweden profile
Source: Brå report 2021:9
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Federal race series (not immigrant ancestry) · U.S. profile
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BJS · sentence > 1 year · state & federal jurisdiction
Sentenced prisoners (sentence > 1 year) under state or federal jurisdiction, by race and Hispanic origin. White and Black are non-Hispanic. Counts rounded to nearest 100 for race/ethnicity. Remaining “other/two or more races” are in the BJS total but not shown as a separate series here.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics
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FBI UCR Table 43 · Hispanic ethnicity reported separately (not shown)
Arrests reported to the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Program by race (Table 43). Race categories are not mutually exclusive with Hispanic ethnicity — Hispanic arrestees are included in the race categories (mostly White). Agency coverage varies by year; absolute counts are not a full national census of all arrests.
Source: FBI Crime in the United States
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Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter · FBI UCR Table 43
Arrests for murder and nonnegligent manslaughter by race (FBI UCR Table 43). Same race/ethnicity caveats as total arrests.
Source: FBI Crime in the United States
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Related Eurostat measure — citizenship, not ancestry
Eurostat crim_pris_ctz — share of prisoners with foreign citizenship — is shown for EU/EFTA countries as a related (not identical) measure where national ancestry series are missing.
| # | Country | Foreign citizens | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇱🇺Luxembourg | 75.8% | 2024 |
| 2 | 🇱🇮Liechtenstein | 75.3% | 2024 |
| 3 | 🇨🇭Switzerland | 71.4% | 2024 |
| 4 | 🇨🇾Cyprus | 54.0% | 2024 |
| 5 | 🇦🇹Austria | 53.0% | 2024 |
| 6 | 🇲🇹Malta | 52.4% | 2024 |
| 7 | 🇬🇷Greece | 52.0% | 2024 |
| 8 | 🇸🇮Slovenia | 48.2% | 2024 |
| 9 | 🇧🇪Belgium | 45.4% | 2024 |
| 10 | 🇮🇸Iceland | 39.0% | 2024 |
| 11 | 🇪🇪Estonia | 33.4% | 2024 |
| 12 | 🇪🇸Spain | 32.7% | 2024 |
| 13 | 🇮🇹Italy | 32.0% | 2024 |
| 14 | 🇳🇴Norway | 27.4% | 2024 |
| 15 | 🇩🇰Denmark | 25.3% | 2024 |
| 16 | 🇫🇷France | 24.7% | 2024 |
| 17 | 🇫🇮Finland | 23.3% | 2024 |
| 18 | 🇭🇷Croatia | 21.8% | 2024 |
| 19 | 🇳🇱Netherlands | 21.5% | 2024 |
| 20 | 🇸🇪Sweden | 21.3% | 2024 |
Source: Eurostat crim_pris_ctz
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Example Eurostat series · % of prisoners with foreign citizenship
Country profiles show this series when Eurostat publishes it for that country.
Source: Eurostat
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Availability registry · updated 2026-07-28
| Country | Status | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| Denmark | Full series ancestry | Statistics Denmark STRAFNA9 — persons guilty in crimes by ancestry (Danish origin, immigrants, descendants), annual. Source |
| United States | Full series race | BJS publishes sentenced state/federal prisoners by race and Hispanic origin annually. FBI UCR Table 43 publishes arrests (and murder arrests) by race. There is no continuous federal convictions-by-immigrant-ancestry series comparable to Denmark’s STRAFNA9. Source |
| Norway | Partial citizenship | SSB StatBank 09421 publishes persons charged by citizenship annually. Immigrant-background (including Norwegian-born to immigrant parents) is published only in periodic ad-hoc Excel tables, not a continuous StatBank series. Source |
| Sweden | Partial background reports | Brå publishes research reports on registered offending by native/non-native background (e.g. report 2021:9 with 2007–2018 offence shares). Not a continuous open StatBank series like Denmark’s STRAFNA9. Source |
| Germany | Partial nationality | Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) Police Crime Statistics report suspects by nationality (German vs non-German). This is citizenship, not immigrant ancestry or “migration background”. Source |
| Austria | Partial citizenship | Interior ministry / Statistik Austria publish some suspect or prisoner figures by citizenship. Eurostat prisoners-by-citizenship covers Austria. Source |
| Switzerland | Partial citizenship | Federal Statistical Office publishes convictions and prisoners with citizenship breakdowns. Not full ancestry. Source |
| United Kingdom | Partial ethnicity | Ministry of Justice publishes offender ethnicity (self-identified census categories) for England & Wales. This is race/ethnicity, not immigrant status or country-of-birth ancestry like Denmark. Source |
| New Zealand | Partial ethnicity | Ministry of Justice / Stats NZ publish offender ethnicity; not immigrant ancestry. Source |
| Italy | Partial citizenship | ISTAT / Interior Ministry publish some foreign-national offender and prisoner statistics (citizenship). Source |
| Spain | Partial citizenship | INE / Interior publish foreign-national prisoner and some offender statistics. Source |
| Finland | Limited / reports citizenship | Statistics Finland / police statistics publish some breakdowns by citizenship or foreign background in reports; not a full open ancestry conviction time series comparable to Denmark. Source |
| Belgium | Limited / reports citizenship | Some judicial / prison statistics by nationality; no Denmark-style ancestry conviction series. |
| Australia | Limited / reports reports | Some state-level or one-off reports; no national ABS convictions-by-ancestry open series like Denmark. Source |
| Netherlands | Historical only origin | Statistics Netherlands (CBS) previously published suspects by migration background; the classification was reformed and a continuous public ancestry series like Denmark is not currently maintained in the same form. Source |
| France | Not published | France does not publish official crime statistics by ethnicity, ancestry, or immigrant background (republican statistical tradition). Citizenship of prisoners appears in some European aggregates. |
| Canada | Not published | Statistics Canada does not publish a national convictions-by-immigrant-status or ancestry time series comparable to Denmark. Source |
