Migration

Who lives where, who arrives and leaves, how they come, and how well they do — one tab per question.

Data updated

“Migration” bundles several different questions into one word, and each has its own data. The tabs above take them one at a time. Start with who lives here for where each country's residents come from, down to the town, using the newest official counts.

Largest net inflow

🇺🇦 Ukraine

1.7M · 2025

Largest net outflow

🇵🇰 Pakistan

-1.2M · 2025

Largest refugee host

🇩🇪 Germany

2.7M · UNHCR 2025

Largest foreign-born stock

🇺🇸 United States

52.4M · 2024

Pick a question

Who lives here

New

Where were a country's residents born, which passports do they hold, and which towns do they live in?

31 European countries by country of birth and citizenship, plus province and municipality maps for Italy, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Netherlands.

Net migration

How many more people arrive than leave each year, and what share of each population was born abroad?

Animated world map since 1960, rankings, and the foreign-born share.

Refugees & asylum

Which countries host the most refugees and asylum-seekers?

UNHCR stocks by country of asylum, mapped year by year.

How people arrive

Who is found without authorisation, how many are ordered to leave, and how many actually go?

Eurostat irregular presence by citizenship, returns, Frontex detections and IOM migrant deaths.

Jobs & public finances

Do immigrants work, and do they pay in more than they take out?

Labour-force participation by citizenship, OECD fiscal impact, Germany's Bürgergeld by nationality.

Everything else on migration

Deep dives and maps from across the site, in one place.

Want one country? Every country has a migration profile, for example Germany, United States, Türkiye or Romania.

Related insights

Other charts and country pages on the same theme.

What this page measures

Net Migrationpeople
Net number of migrants (immigrants minus emigrants) in a year. Source: World Bank Open Data.
Foreign-born Populationpeople
International migrant stock — the number of people living in a country who were born in another country (the immigrant / diaspora population). Source: World Bank Open Data.
Foreign-born Population (% of total)% of population
International migrant stock as a share of the total population — how large the foreign-born / diaspora population is relative to the country. Source: World Bank Open Data.
Refugees (incl. refugee-like)people
End-year stock of refugees and people in refugee-like situations under UNHCR’s mandate, by country of asylum. Does not include asylum-seekers still awaiting a decision, IDPs, or UNRWA-registered Palestine refugees. Source: UNHCR Refugee Statistics.
Asylum-seekerspeople
End-year stock of asylum-seekers whose claims for refugee status have not yet been determined, by country of asylum (UNHCR). Source: UNHCR Refugee Statistics.
Refugees as Share of International Migrants% of migrant stock
UNHCR refugee stock (incl. refugee-like) divided by World Bank international migrant stock × 100, for the nearest overlapping year. Rough composition of the foreign-born / migrant stock that is forced displacement rather than labour or family migration. Source: UNHCR Refugee Statistics.
Third-country Nationals Ordered to Leavepeople
Third-country nationals issued an order to leave the territory during the year (Eurostat migr_eiord, annual, rounded). Administrative count of enforcement decisions, not of people who actually left. Source: Eurostat.
Third-country Nationals Returned After Orderpeople
Third-country nationals returned following an order to leave during the year (Eurostat migr_eirtn, annual, rounded). Compared with orders, this measures the enforcement gap. Source: Eurostat.
Return Rate After Order to Leave% of orders
Returned persons as a share of persons ordered to leave in the same year (Eurostat migr_eirtn ÷ migr_eiord × 100). A crude annual ratio — orders and returns are not a matched cohort. Source: Eurostat.
Labour-force Participation — Nationals% of population 15–64
Activity rate of nationals aged 15–64 (Eurostat LFS, lfsa_argan where available). Share of nationals in the labour force (employed + unemployed). Source: Eurostat.
Labour-force Participation — Foreign Citizens% of population 15–64
Activity rate of foreign citizens aged 15–64 (Eurostat LFS). Citizenship is not the same as foreign-born; naturalised immigrants count as nationals. Source: Eurostat.
Estimated Irregular Migrant Stockpeople
Research estimates of the stock of irregular / unauthorized migrants residing in the country (compiled collection covering selected EU countries, Canada and the United States). Methodologies and reference years differ; treat as an order-of-magnitude estimate, not an official count. Source: Irregular migrant stock estimates (Zenodo).
Detected Illegal Border Crossingsdetections
Detected illegal border crossings on EU external borders (Frontex). Counts detections, not unique persons; the same person can be counted more than once. Route-level figures are attributed to the EU destination region of the route. Source: Frontex — EU border detections.
Recorded Migrant Deaths & Disappearancespeople
Deaths and disappearances of people in the process of migration toward an international destination, recorded by the IOM Missing Migrants Project. Region-of-incident attribution; figures are known undercounts. Source: IOM Missing Migrants Project.
  • Net migration nets arrivals against departures, so a small figure can hide very large flows in both directions.
  • Migration statistics are among the least complete demographic data; definitions and coverage differ by country.
  • Eurostat returns, LFPR by citizenship and Frontex detections are Western / EU reporting series — not global rankings.
  • Irregular-stock figures are research estimates (MIrreM); methods and population definitions differ by country.
  • IOM Missing Migrants totals are undercounts and are published by region of incident, not destination country.

Definitions for every indicator are listed in the glossary, and collection methods in the methodology.

Sources & citation
  • World Bank Open Data — World Development Indicators and population statistics. Licence: CC BY-4.0.
  • Eurostat — European statistical office — crime, population and social statistics for EU/EFTA and candidate countries. Licence: Eurostat terms (CC BY 4.0).
  • UNHCR Refugee Statistics — End-year stock figures for refugees, people in refugee-like situations, and asylum-seekers by country of asylum (Refugee Population Statistics Database). Licence: UNHCR terms.
  • Frontex — EU border detections — Detected illegal border crossings on EU external borders, by migratory route. Administrative detections, not a population estimate. Licence: Frontex terms.
  • IOM Missing Migrants Project — Recorded deaths and disappearances of people in the process of migration toward an international destination. Region-level; undercounts are likely. Licence: IOM terms.
  • Irregular migrant stock estimates (Zenodo) — Compiled research estimates of irregular / unauthorized migrant stocks for selected Western countries (EU, Canada, United States). Methodologies differ by country; treat as order-of-magnitude, not census counts. Licence: CC BY 4.0.

birthrate.io, "Migration". https://www.birthrate.io/migration (accessed 12 November 2026). Underlying data: World Bank Open Data; Eurostat; UNHCR Refugee Statistics; Frontex — EU border detections; IOM Missing Migrants Project; Irregular migrant stock estimates (Zenodo).

Please cite the original statistical agency for the underlying figures. Charts and tables on this page may be reused with attribution.