🇪🇪Estonia

Tallinn

Europe

High income

EST

Compare

Population

1.4M

0.4%as of 2025

Fertility Rate

1.18

births/woman

Life Expectancy

79.3y

GDP / capita

$34.4K

Pop. Growth

-0.43%

Net Migration

-13.4K

Population over time

Total population · observed (solid) and UN medium projection to 2100 (dashed)

Source: World Bank · UN World Population Prospects 2024

Fertility rate over time

Births per woman · dashed line = replacement (2.1)

Source: World Bank

Where immigrants come from

Largest foreign-born communities in Estonia by country of birth (2024) · arrow shows change since 2010.

🇷🇺Russian Federation121.4K(59.8%)

−22%

🇺🇦Ukraine24.6K(12.1%)

+5%

🇧🇾

Population projections to 2100

Official UN projections — Low / Medium / High variants

Source: UN World Population Prospects 2024

Population pyramid (2025)

Age & sex structure · share of total population by 5-year cohort

Male650.5KTotal 1.4M716KFemale

Source: birthrate.io model

GDP per capita over time

Current US$

Source: World Bank

Life expectancy over time

Years at birth

Source: World Bank

Abortion rate over time

Induced abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–49

Source: WHO / Guttmacher (compiled)

Society, housing & beliefs

Family, crime, housing and religion indicators

Homicide rate

1.5

per 100,000

Divorce rate

—

per 1,000

Births outside marriage

—

of births

Home ownership

—

of households

Homicide rate over time

Intentional homicides per 100,000 people

Source: World Bank / UNODC

GDP over time

Current US$

Source: World Bank

Net migration over time

Net migrants per year (immigrants − emigrants)

Source: World Bank

Foreign-born population over time

Immigrant / diaspora population living in the country

Source: World Bank / UN DESA

Foreign-born share over time

Foreign-born residents as % of the population

Source: World Bank / UN DESA

🇱🇻Latvia6.1K(3.0%)

+44%

🇫🇮Finland6K(3.0%)

+152%

🇰🇿Kazakhstan3.8K(1.9%)

−7%

🇩🇪Germany2.6K(1.3%)

+87%

🇱🇹Lithuania2.2K(1.1%)

+10%

🇬🇪Georgia1.8K(0.9%)

+13%

🇦🇿Azerbaijan1.7K(0.8%)

+4%

🇬🇧United Kingdom1.3K(0.7%)

+152%

🇮🇹Italy1.3K(0.6%)

+332%

Source: UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024

Where the Estonia diaspora lives

Top destinations for people born in Estonia who now live abroad (2024) · arrow shows change since 2010.

🇫🇮Finland55.7K(44.8%)

+156%

🇷🇺Russian Federation24.9K(20.1%)

−56%

🇺🇦Ukraine10.5K(8.5%)

+3%

🇸🇪Sweden9.5K(7.6%)

−5%

🇳🇴Norway5.3K(4.2%)

+167%

🇦🇺Australia3.5K(2.8%)

+57%

🇧🇾Belarus3.2K(2.5%)

+2%

🇱🇻Latvia2.6K(2.1%)

−24%

🇮🇹Italy1.5K(1.2%)

+35%

🇩🇰Denmark1.5K(1.2%)

+35%

🇰🇿Kazakhstan1.3K(1.1%)

+11%

🇱🇹Lithuania866(0.7%)

−10%

Source: UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024