Overview
Key figures and core demographic trends for Germany.
Population
83.5M
Fertility Rate
1.36
Life Expectancy
80.8y
GDP / capita
$60.5K
Pop. Growth
-0.03%
Net Migration
-334.1K
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Provisional fertility nowcast
Source: National Statistical Offices or Ministries of Health / Interior · compiled by @BirthGauge. Full nowcast table · provisional, may be revised.
YTD births (2 mo) +1.2% YoY
TFR 2024
1.35
TFR 2025
1.31
Births YTD (2 mo)
100K
Rates per 1,000 people per year — not absolute birth or death counts. When the birth rate exceeds the death rate, natural increase is positive (before migration).
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Economy
National accounts and international trade.
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Exports & imports
International trade for Germany — product exports and imports from OEC / BACI.
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Migration
Net migration, permits, and the foreign-born population of Germany, plus where migrants come from and where the diaspora lives.
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First residence permits issued during the year to non-EU citizens for employment-related reasons, by citizenship of the permit holder. EU free-movement workers are not included. National administrative definitions of “employment” permits vary; figures are not identical to every country’s domestic “work permit” count. Eurostat table.
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OECD definition: unemployed share of the labour force among native-born vs foreign-born residents aged 15–64. National offices (e.g. Statistics Sweden) may publish slightly different figures for other age bands or months — we show the internationally comparable OECD series. Latest: native-born 2.7%, foreign-born 6.3% (2024).
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Residents of Germany holding each foreign citizenship, 1 January 2025 · arrow shows change since 2015. Share = of all 12.4M foreign citizens.
Source: Eurostat (migr_pop1ctz), from Germany's statistics office
Largest foreign-born communities in Germany by country of birth (2024) · arrow shows change since 2010. Modelled by the UN from older censuses and registers, so it can miss recent arrivals; the official counts above are newer.
Source: UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024
Top destinations for people born in Germany who now live abroad (2024) · arrow shows change since 2010.
Source: UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024
Demography
Age structure, projections, and population composition.
That is 28% smaller than in 2025. The animation freezes the latest fertility rate. It is a model, not an official forecast. UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium is 71 million in 2100 — higher than this run (low 51 million, high 96 million). UN lets fertility change over the century and includes some migration; this run does not.
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- Men born in the country
- Men born abroad
- Women born in the country
- Women born abroad
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Source & definition: Live births by mother's citizenship (Destatis). 'Foreign mother' = mother holds a non-German citizenship. Because many residents with a migration background are German citizens, this understates migrant-origin births — Destatis' broader measure (at least one parent with a migration background) is roughly 40% of newborns.
Each country's statistical office defines “migrant background” differently (mother's citizenship, country of birth, or parents' origin), so figures are not directly comparable across countries and may be out of date. Always check the cited source for the latest official numbers.
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Mortality & longevity
Life expectancy, death rates and child mortality as far back as vital registration and historical reconstructions allow (from 1960), plus infant and maternal mortality.
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Pre-1960 life expectancy and long child-mortality series are from Our World in Data (Riley, Zijdeman et al., HMD, UN). Historic crude death rates cover countries in the Human Mortality Database only — Sweden from 1751, France from 1816, and so on. Crude rates are not age-standardized.
Health, education & infrastructure
Spending, capacity and attainment. Coverage is thinner than for demographic series — most figures come from periodic surveys rather than continuous registration.
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Society, housing & beliefs
Family, crime, housing and religion indicators.
Homicide rate
0.9
Divorce rate
1.8
Births outside marriage
33.0%
Home ownership
51.0%
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- Christian56.0%
- Unaffiliated38.0%
- Muslim5.0%
- Other1.0%
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6per 1,000
2020
Only one year available — not enough points for a trend line.
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States & provinces
Total fertility rate by first-level administrative division.
Open the regional fertility map →
| # | Division | Population | TFR | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lower Saxonyland | 8M | 1.43 | 2024 |
| 2 | Rhineland-Palatinateland | 4.1M | 1.41 | 2024 |
| 3 | Baden-Württembergland | 11.2M | 1.39 | 2024 |
| 4 | Bavarialand | 13.2M | 1.39 | 2024 |
| 5 | North Rhine-Westphalialand | 18M | 1.39 | 2024 |
| 6 | Hesseland | 6.3M | 1.37 | 2024 |
| 7 | Brandenburgland | 2.6M | 1.34 | 2024 |
| 8 | Bremenland | 704.9K | 1.34 | 2024 |
| 9 | Saarlandland | 1M | 1.32 | 2024 |
| 10 | Schleswig-Holsteinland | 3M | 1.32 | 2024 |
| 11 | Saxony-Anhaltland | 2.1M | 1.31 | 2024 |
| 12 | Mecklenburg-Western Pomeranialand | 1.6M | 1.30 | 2024 |
| 13 | Thuringialand | 2.1M | 1.24 | 2024 |
| 14 | Hamburgland | 1.9M | 1.24 | 2024 |
| 15 | Saxonyland | 4M | 1.22 | 2024 |
| 16 | Berlinland | 3.7M | 1.21 | 2024 |
Crime by ancestry, origin & race
Official statistics where published · definitions differ by country.
See the full availability guide →
Germany: only limited comparable crime-by-ancestry statistics. BKA Police Crime Statistics table T62: suspects by every citizenship and offence, annually. Germany does not record migration background, so naturalised citizens count as Germans.
Related sourceWhy this country’s demographics matter
Age structure, fertility gaps, and migration change budgets and electorates. This is the constraint, not a manifesto.
Germany’s population stability is a migration story sitting on below-replacement fertility.
- Net migration, not TFR, has been the swing factor for headcount.
- Births by mother’s citizenship exist; a Denmark-style ancestry TFR does not.
The longer argument — pensions, schools, coalitions, and what migration does and does not offset — is on why birthrates matter. The case for a pronatal culture as the response is on what's the solution?. To turn this country’s series into a memo you can forward, open the briefing builder — generate a draft, write it yourself, then expand any paragraph.