Overview
Key figures and core demographic trends for United Kingdom.
Population
69.5M
Fertility Rate
1.55
Life Expectancy
81.4y
GDP / capita
$57.6K
Pop. Growth
0.30%
Net Migration
389.9K
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Provisional fertility nowcast
Source: National Statistical Offices or Ministries of Health / Interior · compiled by @BirthGauge. Full nowcast table · provisional, may be revised.
TFR 2024
1.40
TFR 2025
1.39
TFR 2026
1.40
Rates per 1,000 people per year — not absolute birth or death counts. When the birth rate exceeds the death rate, natural increase is positive (before migration).
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Economy
National accounts and international trade.
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Exports & imports
International trade for United Kingdom — product exports and imports from OEC / BACI.
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Migration
Net migration, permits, and the foreign-born population of United Kingdom, plus where migrants come from and where the diaspora lives.
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OECD definition: unemployed share of the labour force among native-born vs foreign-born residents aged 15–64. National offices (e.g. Statistics Sweden) may publish slightly different figures for other age bands or months — we show the internationally comparable OECD series. Latest: native-born 3.9%, foreign-born 6.0% (2024).
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Largest foreign-born communities in United Kingdom by country of birth (2024) · arrow shows change since 2010.
Source: UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024
Top destinations for people born in United Kingdom who now live abroad (2024) · arrow shows change since 2010.
Source: UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024
Demography
Age structure, projections, and population composition.
That is 7% larger than in 2025. The animation freezes the latest fertility rate. It is a model, not an official forecast. UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium is 74 million in 2100 — lower than this run (low 53 million, high 101 million). UN lets fertility change over the century and includes some migration; this run does not.
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Source & definition: Live births in England & Wales by mother's country of birth (ONS). Shares computed from total vs births to mothers born outside the UK.
Each country's statistical office defines “migrant background” differently (mother's citizenship, country of birth, or parents' origin), so figures are not directly comparable across countries and may be out of date. Always check the cited source for the latest official numbers.
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Mortality & longevity
Life expectancy, death rates and child mortality as far back as vital registration and historical reconstructions allow (from 1960), plus infant and maternal mortality.
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Pre-1960 life expectancy and long child-mortality series are from Our World in Data (Riley, Zijdeman et al., HMD, UN). Historic crude death rates cover countries in the Human Mortality Database only — Sweden from 1751, France from 1816, and so on. Crude rates are not age-standardized.
Health, education & infrastructure
Spending, capacity and attainment. Coverage is thinner than for demographic series — most figures come from periodic surveys rather than continuous registration.
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Society, housing & beliefs
Family, crime, housing and religion indicators.
Homicide rate
1.1
Divorce rate
1.7
Births outside marriage
49.0%
Home ownership
65.0%
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- Christian46.0%
- Unaffiliated37.0%
- Other8.8%
- Muslim6.5%
- Hindu1.7%
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Crime by ancestry, origin & race
Official statistics where published · definitions differ by country.
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United Kingdom: only limited comparable crime-by-ancestry statistics. Ministry of Justice publishes prisoners by nationality each quarter for England and Wales, and offender ethnicity in census categories. There is no matching rate by nationality.
Related sourceWhy this country’s demographics matter
Age structure, fertility gaps, and migration change budgets and electorates. This is the constraint, not a manifesto.
UK fertility is below replacement; ONS ethnicity and country-of-birth birth statistics are the composition series — not a single national slogan.
- ONS period TFR for England & Wales is the headline; Scotland and NI have their own releases.
- Births by mother’s country of birth and ethnicity (where published) beat invented group TFRs.
- Net migration has been the swing factor for population growth while TFR stays below 2.1.
The longer argument — pensions, schools, coalitions, and what migration does and does not offset — is on why birthrates matter. The case for a pronatal culture as the response is on what's the solution?. To turn this country’s series into a memo you can forward, open the briefing builder — generate a draft, write it yourself, then expand any paragraph.